The GRE Separate the Misinformation From the Facts

How well do you know the GRE? Have you really looked into this exam and sorted out the misinformation from the facts? Here are 5 GRE myths and misconceptions you should be aware of as you prep for the GRE. Myth # 1: To pass GRE Verbal, you need to memorize every word in the English language. To be fair, there was some truth to this myth before August 2011. On the older version of the GRE, before the newly-revised GRE was released, vocabulary was tested out of context. Back then, you had to simply know a lot of really tricky vocabulary words in order to pass the Verbal section. Not so anymore! The new GRE focuses on the skill of understanding vocabulary in-context. All of the important vocabulary appears in the context of long sentences, paragraphs, or full-length passages. The skill of inferring word meanings from context is now more important than memorizing a word’s dictionary definition. Memorizing a list of common GRE vocabulary words will still help you to some degree. But the list doesn’t have to be too long, and the advanced, highly uncommon words of the pre-2011 GRE are now less likely to appear on the test. Myth #2: GRE Quant is dominated by complex, multi-step problems requiring a calculator. A lot of people assume that you should use a calculator on GRE Quant, just because you can. On most GRE Quant problems, this simply isn’t true. A surprising number of GRE math problems can be solved in just a step or two, using estimation and mental math. Even more complex problems can usually be solved with mental math and light use of scratch paper. Only a handful of unusually advanced math problems on the test will actually require a calculator. And in fact, using a calculator on simpler Quant questions can hurt you. The more often you reach for the calculator, the more chances you have to accidentally key in the wrong number, arriving at an answer that’s way off. Myth # 3: You need to be a great writer to get a top score on GRE AWA. One of the biggest complaints I hear from students is that it’s just not possible for them to write a top scoring essay. Some GRE test-takers who feel this way are worried that they simply aren’t â€Å"good† writers. Other test-takers do feel that they are good writers, but worry that only a truly genius writer could create a perfect-scoring essay within the GRE’s 30 minute time limit. The good news is that the GRE AWA isn’t asking for brilliant writing. It’s simply asking for competent writing that satisfies all of the basic AWA Essay requirements. As long as your writing is reasonably competent, and as long as you address the essay question fully, you’ll be fine. Myth # 4: It takes a really long time to prepare for the GRE. As the best-known graduate school entrance exam, the GRE has almost mythical status among grad school hopefuls. Professors and advisers start talking to students about their GRE as early as their junior or even sophomore year in college, and grad programs prominently display their GRE stats on their websites. Because of this, it’s easy to imagine that passing the GRE is a long-term, Herculean endeavor. In fact, passing the GRE takes relatively little time in the grand scheme of things. Many successful grad school applicants finish their GRE prep in 3 months or less. To get a good grip on what your study schedule should look like, check out a tried and true GRE Study Guide. Myth # 5: You need a top score in each section of the GRE to get into a good grad school. This is one of the most common myths I hear. A lot of test-takers worry that a low score in one-section of the GRE will be a deal-breaker for any grad school. Not so—grad programs will have separate score requirements for Verbal, Quant and AWA. This is why the GRE doesn’t offer a whole-test score. Your score report only shows the individual Verbal, Quant, and AWA scores, knowing schools like to pick and choose their requirements section-by-section. Grad programs can have very different requirements for each section, depending on the nature of the degree. A master’s or doctorate in mathematics or engineering, for example, will have very high Quant score requirements. But Verbal requirements for such programs will be comparatively low, and your AWA score may not even matter to the program. Similarly, a grad degree in something like philosophy or English literature will have low math standards but stringent requirements for Verbal and AWA. And of course, some grad programs simply place little or no importance on GRE scores in any section. Never assume a less-than-perfect GRE score will keep you out of grad school. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '02d66581-2fb6-4177-ba0c-8380c7d85463', {}); David Recine is a test prep expert at Magoosh. He has a Bachelor of Social Work from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and a Masters in Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. He has been teaching K-12, University, and adult education classes since 2007 and has worked with students from every continent. Related Resources: †¢ Get Your Game On: Prepping For Your Grad School Application, a free guide †¢ Making Friends with the GRE: How To Overcome Test Anxiety and Perform at Your Best †¢Ã‚  Where to Find Good GRE Practice Questions

Poverty The Dilemma Of Poverty Essay - 1968 Words

The Dilemma of Poverty in America Poverty is a persistent problem that plagues even the wealthiest nations. Plenty of experts have given their theories for what exactly causes this world-wide problem. There are short term causes of poverty that unquestionably affect poverty rates, such as heavy drought and other environmental factors, but this still does not account for the many millions of people that can barely afford to live. A countless number of citizens of the United States cannot even recognize the problem in their own back yard. As Diana George states in her essay, Changing the Face of Poverty, â€Å"More than 35 Million-one out of every seven of our fellow citizens-are officially poor.† (George 676) It’s tough to believe that a country that is known as a land of freedom and opportunity even has that many that are living in poverty. I believe that long term causes of poverty include a lack of education, overpopulation, and the lack of steady jobs and living outs ide of one’s means to survive. To overcome poverty in America, those that are impoverished need to be given the opportunity to obtain a better education with additional funding from the government, they need to be given better resources to prevent unplanned pregnancies, they need greater agencies within each state that can help individuals find a job that fits his or her trade, there needs to be less stipulations for child care assistance and individuals that live in poverty needs to live within their own means.Show MoreRelatedPoverty Dilemmas that Canadians are Facing Today1483 Words   |  6 Pagesbegun to fix the poverty situation that many Canadians deal with in a daily bases. Structural Functionalism Theory, Conflict Theory and the Feminist Perspective are going to be used in for this argument in this paper. 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Technology has unquestionably had a positive and negative impact on students. One positive aspect of technology is that it supports the different learning styles. According to Visual Teaching Alliance studies, 70 percent of the population are visualRead MorePoverty in America and Inequality798 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Poverty is the worst form of violence.† Mahatma Gandhi’s words still ring true in today’s society. Poverty is nothing to sweep under the rug or put on the back burner. While many statistics state that poverty is decreasing, other sources state the opposite. Poverty is a hot topic in the U.S., foreign countries, and speaks true about many genders, ethnic groups, and children. Poverty is present in today’s U.S. social system. For example, as Lesser states in the Clearinghouse Review, â€Å"Forty-six

The Pros And Cons Of Phones - 1237 Words

The Other Side I grab my phone from my nightstand and notice I have five missed calls from an unknown caller. I look at the voicemails and click on the unknown caller â€Å"Hello this is Ava Thomas I’m the LA’s deputy cop I’ve notice that you have a loan of $20,000 if you don’t pay it soon we will have to take you to court. Could you please contact me back as soon as possible.† When did I get a loan of $20,000? I look on my credit report to see what I’ve bought lately. There’s nothing, but where and what time someone got a loan on my credit card. â€Å"Mom I have to tell you something.† Mom walk in the kitchen and ask me â€Å"what’s the matter?† My mom asked â€Å"I got a voicemail from a deputy cop saying I have a loan of†¦show more content†¦Officer Ava looks at Jordan with shame. â€Å"You know youre in a lot of trouble for doing this and since youre eighteen and out of the system you could go to jail, Well discuss this tomorrow and see what the consequences will be.† Officer Ava steps out of the room and so does Jordan. I look at my mom and say â€Å"what just happened’’ Mom tells me that everything will be settled soon. I arrive at home and couldn’t sleep at all thinking about Jordan. Did she know that we were related? This day has been an unusual day. She looked like a mess it looked like she had dirt on her face and her hair was all frizzy and tangled. The next day I got butterflies in my stomach I was really nervous to go see her again. We go to the police station and my mom had to fill out some papers. We go into this back room and wait until Jordan gets here. We sit in there for about thirty minutes waiting. An officer comes in and told us Jordan didn’t show up. â€Å"We will look out for her we gave her a call but she didn’t answer,† says the officer. Where is she I wonder I have to find her though as soon as possible because I know that the day after we met her she wouldn’t have overslept or be sick. I’m sitting in the car paranoid then sitting at the dinner table with my family and I can’t even think straight about what Jordan is doing. It was bugging me that they didn’t know where she was orShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Owning a Cell Phone790 Words   |  4 PagesThe pros and cons of owning a cell phone Broc Barchard COMM/112 April-08-2013 Kerry Moquett The pros and cons of owning a cell phone Annotated Bibliography: Are cell phones controlling us? 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Concept Analysis free essay sample

Concept analysis is a form of research that allows a person to explore a theory/ concept to the fullest degree in an organized way. This concept analysis will take Walker amp; Avant’s steps to form a better understanding into pain. The steps include: selection on concept (pain), Aims or purposes, literature on the pain, concept uses, determine defining attributes, model cases, alternative cases, identify antecedents and consequences, and empirical referents. Aims or Purposes of Pain Analysis Patient occurs in every person in some form. An understanding of what pain is and how to treat and assess it will allow the patients and nurses to achieve a better outcome. With an understanding of the concept of pain and how it affects the care nurses give then the better the patients’ outcomes. Working on a surgical unit I am faced with pain daily and learning how to assess it allows me to understand each patient’s views of pain. I can be faced with two patients with the same surgery, but the pain scale totally different. â€Å"All pain is Real and Pain is what the patient says it is† (McCaffery, 2002). The Purpose of this analysis of pain is to take the Walker amp; Avant steps to unfold what pain is. Literature On Pain First one needs to define pain. Pain is as (a) the sensation which one feels when hurt (in body or mind); (b) suffering, distress, the opposite of pleasure; (c) in specifically physical and psychical senses: bodily suffering; mental suffering, trouble, grief, sorrow: (d) trouble as taken for the accomplishment of something difficult according to the Oxford English Dictionary (2013). Pain can breakdown into four theories: specificity theory, pattern theory, gate control theory, and psychological/ behavioral theory. Specificity theory† proposed that injury activates specific pain receptors and fibres that, in turn, project pain impulses through a spinal pain pathway to a pain centre in the brain† (Melzach, 1996, p130). With the specificity theory many chronic back pain patient were diagnosis as psychologically disturbed not with pain. Out of the testing the specificity theory come the pattern theory which had multiple theories which mostly lead to the Gate control theory. One of the pattern theories looked at all ‘cutaneous qualities are produced by spatiotemporal patterns of the nerve impulses rather than by separate modality-specific transmission† (Melzach amp; Wall, 1965, p973). Next came the Gateway control theory. The Gateway Control theory is a stimulation of the skin evokes nerve impulses that are transmitted to three spinal cord: cells in the substantia gelatinosa, dorsal-column fibers, and central transmission cells (Melzach amp; Wall, 1965, p974). This theory explains how pain can increase to a person. If one of the three areas is triggered than the response aka pain increases. Finally we have the psychological/ behavioral theory. This theory looks at pain being a result of emotions, feelings, and mental behavioral no physical injury needed ( Turk amp; Okifuji, 2002). In this theory explains how pain can be expressed by feelings. There need not be injury, but looks at how someone thinking. Reviewing all the different literature, there is a clear point that I can make. It is that pain can be one or two: physical or psychological. The other subtopics of pain like environment, social get fix into one of the top two. I feel that pain is felt different in each patient, and their bodies have chemical to let them know. Possible use of Pain Concept There are different uses of the pain concept in the medical field. First pain is an everyday experiences that is expressed through the use of language and is then legitimized (Waddie, 1996). If a patient as a history of depression or chronic pain they have pain every day and the concept is used to help explain their pain. As nurse we use the concept of pain to find base line of the pain and to assess new pain. In surgical patients they may have multiple types of pain from the incision, emotional, and history. The concept educates the nurse of the different form that pain can present itself. Pain can also guide how we treat the patient. Emotional pain would not be treated with the â€Å"so know pain pills†, but with talking or listening to patient. Concept of pain a lso address the different form of patient and how the nurse and patient response to it. If a patient is having somatic pain from an incision the nurse could react by applying heat or ice. Pain is what the patient says it is. Defining Attributes Defining attributes is to list the characteristics that are associated with a concept. According to Walker amp; Avant, concept analysis needs to consist of more than one defining attribute: however determine the attributes that are appropriate for the purpose of exploration of the concept (1995). With this principle in place, the attributes of pain are: physical and psychological responses to the stimulus, and unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meaning to the individual. When looking at the first attribute of physical and psychological responses to the stimulus, studies show that patients with pain score three or less to function well in their recovery and have a better mood (McCaffery, 2002). In the second attribute, an unpleasant and distressful experience from a physical sensation and having both positive and negative meaning to the individual, can relate to postoperative patients. Turn, cough and deep breathe causes both positive and negative pain to the patient. Post-surgical patients have positive pain when they are decrease postoperative complications like PE and pneumonia by turn, cough, and deep breathing. The negative side is that the patients increase their surgical pain may adding pressure to it (Al-Jurf, 1979). Model Cases Model cases need to include all for the attribute listed in the analysis of pain. An example could be a 35 years old women admitted with a bowel obstruction followed by a laparoscopic colon resection with ostomy placement. Patients reported no history of surgeries, no bowel history, no chronic pain, and no home medications. Patient follows no special diet. When admitted to the surgical unit she was sad, scared, and in increase pain. Physically the patient presented with tears in eyes, high blood pressure of 167/99, holding abdomen, and would not look at the nurse. As the nurse, I gave pain medication and explained that I would do as much as I could to help make her comfortable. See refused to look at me. Later that day, when taking care of the ostomy she turned away and told me â€Å"Now I am ugly and everyone with look at me like I am crazy†. As the nurse I ensure her no one will know unless she wanted them to. I showed her to dress cover up the ostomy. I also told her that the ostomy was just here for three months to give her bowels a time to heal and then she will be back to take it down. This story was able to show both attributes of pain. A first, physical and psychological response to the stimulus was the pain forms the incision and ostomy (physical) and psychological to the body change she faced with. Both are a form of pain. Next, in the second attribute, an unpleasant and distressful experience from a physical sensation and having both positive and negative meaning to the individual, the ostomy care was painful physically in the fact that I had to give pain medication this was negative, but on the other hand the pain allow her to learn a new way to cover her ostomy so others would not know she had it (positive). In a study by Lawrentschuk, Pritchard, Hewitt, and Campbell, they researched the pain in two groups of patients: group one surgery patients with same size dressing and group two with double dressings (2003). The patients were asked pain level 12 and 24 hour post-surgery, pain dimension, pain intensity, and post-surgical analgesia (simple oral and Morphine). The results showed that patients described pain as physical pain and emotional stress. Most patient in the end marked that the pain was hard to handle, but got better each day. This study relates the two attributes of pain by the physical pain form the surgery and the psychology pain as the emotional stress. Plus the patient agreed that the pain they had was positive and negative because it hurt in the beginning but got better. Alternate cases When looking at pain I can think of children in regard to contrary cases of pain. In Cheng, Foster, and Huany concept analysis of pain, story of a child going to the clinic of hepatitis B shot. Next the mother later brought her back for a well visit and the child would not let the mother go â€Å"held her mother tightly with her eyes closed† (Cheng, Foster, amp; Huany, 2003, p25). The moment the nurse walked into room the child cried and wanted to go home. This was not pain but fear therefore it is contrary cases of pain. In borderline cases same critical attributes of the concept are present not all of them. In different cultures and ethnicity it is hard to assess pain and the concept of pain may be borderline. In Sheiner, Sheiner, Shoham-Vardi, Mazor, and Katz, Articles talk about how different ethnic groups react to pain and how the nursing team needs to assess for pain. The study looked at Jewish and Bedouin women in labor. The Bedouin women would report to staff that pain was ok, but the staff evaluate physical signs of pain like tears, holding abdomens, and balling up in bed (Sheiner, Sheiner, Shoham-Vardi, Mazor, and Katz, 1999). The Bedouin women showed some parts of the concept of pain by physical expression, but also not showing pain by saying that the pain was ok. Antecedent and Consequences When looking at the concept of pain one needs to evaluate the patient’s culture. Antecedents are the events or incidents that happen before the existing concept (Walker amp; Avant, 1995). One can take the study from Sheiner, Sheiner, Shoham-Vardi, Mazor amp; Katz on the Bedouin women. In this culture the women are not to ask or request pain invention. It is part of their culture to handle what the body gives them. During labor the patient is in pain, but before they get there, there is already an understanding that pain is to be handle without medications or asking for help (Sheiner, Sheiner, Shoham-Vardi, Mazor amp; Katz, 1999). According to Walker and Avant, consequences are events or incident that happen as result of the concept (1995). This can be seen in surgical patients. Before we patient goes to surgery we ask them what they think their pain should be on the scale 0-10. Pain is a reaction to an individual’s own interpretation of the meaning. If a patient states pain is a 5, a 5 may be interpreted different for another patient. A patient may state pain will be higher or just always give the same number for pain. The request for pain medications is consequence of the concept of pain. Empirical Referents Due to pain being different in each patient the best way to evaluate it is by patient’s own verbalization. There are different pain charts and scale made to make assessing patient pain easier. The nurse needs to know which tool is best for the patient. In â€Å"Teaching your patient to use a pain rating scale†, it is important to educate on how to use the scale and what you mean by pain (McCaffery , 2002). Pain is different in each patient, therefor the scale needs to be explained that pain is what the patient says it is. The McGill Pain Questionnaire is the most preferred tool. In some patients that are unable to give a number of pain, like children, confused, and behavioral reasons, an assessment of the nonverbal cues are used. Assess for crying, restlessness, and avoiding moving (McCaffery, 2002). Conclusion During the concept analysis steps I found that pain is not clear cut way to assess by patient’s pain. There is more involved in what pain is and how patients may represent pain. As a nurse working on the floor we forget that pain is indeed what the patient says it is not what we think it is. Pain can be explained as four different theories: specificity theory, pattern theory, gate control theory, and psychological/ behavioral theory. Each theory as it’s only view and could fix to express a patient’s pain. Pain contains many different attributes in this paper I forced on the physical and psychological responses to the stimulus, and unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meaning to the individual. I learned that pain can represent itself in different ways; from an incision causing pain to emotional pain from a new ostomy. Model cases will represent the concept in all it’s glory. The model case will show all of the attribute present in the case. Next, there can be cases that may not have all or none of the attributes present. In borderline cases, there is a gray line between pain concept and not. There are some attributes but not all of them. In the contrary cases, none of the attributes are present. The end product is that pain is important to assess and to take notice of in all patients. Remember that pain is what the patient says it is. References Al-Jurf, A. (1979). Turn, Cough and Deep breathe. Surgery, Gynecology amp; Obstetrics. 149(6), p 887-888. Cheng, S. , Foster, R. amp; Huang, C. (2003). Concept Analysis of Pain. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 2(3), p20-30. Retrieved from http://www. docstoc. com/docs/94932886/Concept-Analysis-of-Pain. Sheiner, E. , Sheiner, E. , Shoham-Vardi, I, Mazor, M. , amp; Katz, M. (1999). Ethnic differences influence care giver’s estimates of pain during labour. Pain. 81(3), p299-305. Retrieved from http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0304395999000196. Lawrentschuk, N. , Pritchard, M. , Hewitt, P. , amp; Campbell, C. (2003). Dressing Size and Pain : A Prospective Trail. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 73(4), p 217-219. McCaffery, M. (2002). Teaching your patient to use a pain rating scale. Nursing, 32(8). Melzach, R. (1996). Gate control theory: on the evolution of pain concepts. Journal of the American Pain Society. 5, p 128-138. Melzach, R. amp; Wall, P. (1965). Pain mechanism: A New Theory. Science, New Series. 50(3699), p 971-979. Oxford University Press. (2013). Pain. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from http://oxforddictionaries. com/us/definition/american_english/pain? q=pain. Turk, D. amp; Okifuji, A. (2002). Psychological Factors in Chronic Pain: Evolution and Revolution. Journal of Consulting and clinical Psychology. 70(3), p 678-690. Waddie, N. (1996). Pain, anxiety, and powerlessness. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 16, p 388-397. Walker, L, amp; A vant, K. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed. ). Norwalk, Ct: Appleton amp; Lange.